Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

惯性仪表标定误差的补偿抑制技术综述

本文综述了惯导测试设备误差源、运动参数激励误差、误差传递方法,介绍了如何获取在惯性仪表坐标系下的精准运动参数激励,介绍了惯性仪表测试误差自动补偿、抑制方法。最后综述了惯性仪表测试误差的评估方法,阐述了惯性仪表测试标定技术的发展方向。     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

测量兆欧表中值电压和开路电压的一种方法

提出了一种仅用一台通用高阻标准器和台式数字多用表来完成兆欧表中值电压和开路电压的计量方法。通过调节高阻标准器的阻值以及改变和数字多用表的连接方式,组合出所需的测量电路。实验结果表明,该方法实用性强,操作方便,灵活度高,减低了成本,提高了设备的使用率。     

光纤环及其骨架材料膨胀系数测量方法研究与实现

介绍了一种光纤环及其骨架膨胀系数的简易测量方法,并组建了测量系统。利用铝材和不锈钢,对系统的可行性进行了验证,同时用该系统测量了光纤环及不同骨架的膨胀系数,并对实验数据进行了分析研究,实验结果表明：该系统能够为找出与光纤环相匹配的骨架材料提供技术支撑,具有一定的实用和推广应用价值。     

面向未知区域深度测量的序列图像稠密点特征生成算法

对未知着降区平坦度测量是无人机在复杂地形下安全着陆的关键问题。首先,根据小孔成像原理推导出基于单目序列图像的未知区域深度计算方程;其次,针对稀疏匹配存在深度信息重构误差大而稠密匹配在平滑区域误匹配率高的问题,提出一种基于Delaunay三角剖分的稠密点特征生成算法;然后,分别对序列图像中的2帧图像提取亚像素级Harris角点和尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)特征点,并分别进行特征点匹配;再以2种特征点间的欧氏距离作为约束条件将2种特征点进行融合,生成准稠密特征点;最后,将准稠密特征点进行Delaunay三角剖分,并根据每个剖分三角形上3个顶点像素偏差的方差值制定稠密特征点的生成策略,并结合所提出的深度计算方程计算整个未知区域各点的深度信息。通过Vega Prime(VP)搭建仿真演示验证系统,实验结果表明在机载相机距地面400m处计算高度分别为90m和55m的物体深度信息时,其深度测量相对误差不超过0.89%,具有较高的精度。     

大型齿轮在多因素耦合影响下齿形误差测量的灰色动态预报

提出了一种旁置式的大型齿轮测量装置,分析了影响该装置测量精度的主要误差来源及其特性,给出了一种处理多因素耦合影响的灰色动态预报方法.首先,基于测量装置特性,对影响齿形误差测量精度的误差源进行分析和标定,计算出各误差源的灵敏度系数;然后对测得的有限误差数据进行再抽样及灰色生成,分别计算出在每次测量中各影响因素对测量结果的作用大小,之后按照误差合成方法生成误差源耦合作用结果;最后,通过在测量结果中去除耦合作用进而提高大型齿轮齿形误差测量精度.与测量精度为0.5μm的三坐标测量机进行对比测量,结果表明所提出测量装置能满足3级精度以上的大型齿轮齿形误差检测需求.     

基于定位特征点的叶片锥束CT点云模型配准方法

针对实际生产过程中锥束CT检测空心涡轮叶片的点云数据与计算机辅助设计模型的配准问题,提出了一种基于定位特征点的叶片锥束CT点云模型配准方法。首先将点云数据与计算机辅助设计模型进行预配准;然后查找空心涡轮叶片的设计定位特征点坐标;最后根据定位基准点寻找点云数据上与之对应的基准点,并建立各自坐标系,根据坐标系进行几何变换,迭代直至满足要求,从而完成精确配准。试验结果表明,该方法很好地实现了锥束CT点云模型的配准定位,满足了实际生产要求。     

某3级风扇试验流场诊断及性能优化

压气机试验是检验压气机设计是否达标的重要过程,并可在原设计基础上进行优化来发掘设计的潜能。利用级间总压和壁面静压在某3级风扇第1阶段试验对级间流场进行了详细测量和级性能诊断,提出了静叶角度优化方案;通过第2阶段试验,得出了角度优化后使设计转速喘振裕度提高了7.5个百分点,达到了设计指标的结论。流场诊断技术在压气机试验中起到了关键作用。结果表明:壁面静压结合级间径向总压测量方法基本能够满足在压气机试验中性能优化的需要。     

基于叶尖定时的叶片耦合振动参数辨识与仿真

为了实时掌握叶片振动情况、预防故障发生,目前最常用的非接触振动测量方法是基于单自由度模型的叶尖定时法,但当叶片耦合振动时2个振动峰相隔很近,该方法无法同时识别出其振动参数。采用基于2自由度模型的曲线拟合方法,得到叶片耦合振动2个峰的初始相位等参数,用相位遍历法辨识出叶片的振动阶次和频率。结果表明:采用基于2自由度模型的曲线拟合方法提高了叶片耦合振动参数辨识的精度,辨识了相邻2个峰的振动参数。辨识振动与仿真参数设置基本一致。